Improvement in saws



tutml time EDWARD MIALL, JR., OF LONDON, NGLND.-

Leners Patent .v 92,030, ama .ame 29, 1869.'

IMPROVEMENT IN SAWS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that L'EDWARD MIALL, Jr., of Loudon, England, (now temporarily residing at Oshawa, Dominion of Ganada,) have invented a new and useful Improvement in Saws; and I do'hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, iu which- Figure 1Y represents the saw, before the flange, or lip isturned;

Figure 2 represents the saw completed;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the saw, represented as having completed the slitting-cut, and in position to commence the cut across the grain of the wood; and

1 1`ignre 4 is a view of the dovetailiug operation completed. i

My invention consists of a novel construction of saw, adapted to cut tenons and gains, or mortises, in tbe form commonly known as dovetailing, and in use by box-makers, cabinet-makers, and others.

It is well known that the process of dovetailing, by any of the ordinary methods, is a slow and tedious one, the fact that the edges of both tenons and gains being mitred or bevelled, instead of being out at right angles, depriving us of the successful use ot' the mortising-machines in common use7 and compelling us to do the work entirely by hand, or, at best, to complete the operation with the ordinary hand-chisel.

But the nature of my invention will be more fully understood from a description ot' its construction and operation, which I will now proceed to give. 4

I make my saw in the usual manner, except as to its shape. For the sake ot' convenience and economy, I generally make it in the form shown in iig. l.

I then cut the teeth in the narrowest or front end, raking, as is common in slitting, or rip-saws, and let this formof tooth extend about halt' the length of the saw. lhe balance ot' the teeth are cut with but little or no rake, so as to adapt them to cutting directly across the grain.

I next prepare to turn up a flange, or lip upon the cutting-edge. This I do by laying olf the saw as follows:

Having determined the pitch, angle, or mitre of my dovetail, that is, the angle enclosed in the lines h g yi, 3, I then proceed to describe a similar angle upon the saw, raising the cutting-edge as one side of my triangle.

Al next describe a similar one, with apex at the point where the teeth which are set raking for slitting meet those adapted to cutting crosswise oi' the grain, and turn the portion enclosed by the' letters A D E at right angles to the main body ot' the saw, forming a lip, or flange. lhen drill a series of holes through the upper edge, f'or attaching to an arm or clamp, or some suitable device for driving.

For operating my saws, l uslnlly hang' them in a gang, parallel to cach other, and accurately adjusted, so that not only the slitting-portion of the blades E D B C, lig. 1, shall' be exactly in line with and parallel to each other, but that the lips, or iianges A D E, iig. Ll, shall be in exactly the salue plane. I'

lhe distance between the saws should be alittle less than twice the width of the lip at its broadest part, so as to insure cutting the gain, or mortise eutirely out, as will be more fully seen hereafter.

Having completed my gang, I hang it upon ways, and attach it, by means of a pitmau, to a crank, or adopt any other well-known construction which will enable me to givethe saws a direct reciprocating motion, either vertical or horizontal.

I then construct a table upon ways, so that by placing a piece ot' boardupon it, the board can be fed to the saws, either by a suitable device or by hand. The table itself is placed at right angles to the face of the gang, but a little inclined t'rom a right angle, with the blade ot' each saw, so that instead ot' making a cut at right angles to the face of the board, the cut shall be bevelled, as shown at b c, fig. 3. l

Upon this table, I place adjustable stops, or gauges,

against which to place the board, so as to secure uni formity of work.

It is necessary to use two gangs of saws; one cutting right-hamled, that is, with the lips turned to the right, and one left-handed, or with the lip cutting toward the left.

The operation of my saw is as follows:

I place the board to be dovetailed upon the table, against the stops, or gauges, and press it u p against the saw unt-il the saw shall have passed entirely through the board, which will make the cut O b al, c, or rather a series of them, or one for every saw in the gang. A

I then take it to another gang, cutting the other way, and having the inclination ot' the table reversed, and make the cut h g f e. lhis completes the operation.

lhey may be operated in many other ways. They may be fixed in two frames, K K, as in Figure 6, the one gang being immediately above the other, 'so that one table, L M, will sutiice.

Figure 5 is a representation of a frame, `O, on the face of which is tixed a pair of slides, J J, sutliciently olfl the perpendicular to give the required slant in the cutCBD,iig.3.

On the inside edge of these slides J J, a slanting frame, K. K, is made to reciprocate, parallel with the' sides ot' which are bars', upon which to fasten the saws.

The saws being fixed uponthe frame tothe required number, a sliding` table, L, is provided at right angles with the face ofthe frame O.

The top of the table L is grooved horizontally from left to right, when facing the face of the saw-trames 1i K.

A second top, M, is place'd on the table L, and by means of a slide. fitting in the said groove, is capable of a lateral motion, while being propelled upward by the movement ofthe table L, on which it lies.

At either end ofthe movable tahle-top, M, a wheel, N, is placed, with a. grooved face, which,. upon raising` the table L, traverses the outer edge ofthe slides J J, and either edge of these slides being exact-ly parallel, the one with the other, the wood to be operated on is made to approach the saws in such a way as to canse a slanting cnt to be made, while as the tables L continue to rise, the top M follows the direction of the saws.

Instead of a gz'mg of saws, 'one saw-reciprocating vertically, with a. slight inclina-tion ii'om the perpendicular, l) P, and one with an opposite inclination, may be provided, as in Figure 8.

The table S, tig. S, instead oi rising, is fed horizontally, by a screw, R, the feed ot' the table heilig regnlatcd to accord with the speed ot' saws P I), so as to insure regularity in the saw-cuts.

It will be readily seen, that the description which I have just given saws, and parallel to the applies only to cutting the piece marked H, fig. 4. The counterpart marked H', r. 4, may saws constructed upon my principle, but with the lip turned up, at as much less than a` right angle as onehalt' the angle A B C,

These saws require to be set into the frame at such an angle with the face of the frame as may be required to cut Vthe bevel necessary to titv on to the tenons left by the iirst-described operations, and the relative proportions of the tenons and mortises can be adjusted as fancy or necessity may dictate, and the same saws may be made to ont dovetti-ils of any size, from,the largest which a given saw is capable of cutting, down to as small a size as we please, without making any change except in the adj ustmcnt ofthe maehineryfor operating. y

Having described my invention,

\Vhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

A reciprocating saw, having portions of its cuttingedgc occupying differentplanes,'tbr the purpose set forth.

EDWARD WIIALL, JR. Witnesses F. lV. GLEN, P.' B. FMRBAXKS.

be cut by any of the ordinary methods, or by 

